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Observation data | |
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Mean distance from Earth |
1.496×108 km 8 min 19 s at light speed |
Visual brightness (V) | −26.74 |
Absolute magnitude | 4.83 |
Spectral classification | G2V |
Metallicity | Z = 0.0122 |
Angular size | 31.6′ – 32.7′ |
Adjectives | Solar |
Orbital characteristics | |
Mean distance from Milky Way core |
~2.5×1017 km 26,000 light-years |
Galactic period | (2.25–2.50)×108a |
Velocity | ~220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy) ~20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) ~370 km/s(relative to the cosmic microwave background) |
Physical characteristics | |
Mean diameter | 1.392×10 109 × Earth |
Equatorial radius | 6.955×10 |
Equatorial circumference | 4.379×10 |
Flattening | 9×10−6 |
Surface area | 6.0877×10 |
Volume | 1.412×10 1,300,000 × Earth |
Mass | 1.9891×10 |
Average density | 1.408×10 |
Density | Center (model): 1.622×10 Lower photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3 Lower chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3 Corona (avg): 1×10 |
Equatorial surface gravity | 274.0 m/s |
Escape velocity (from the surface) |
617.7 km/s |
Temperature | Center (modeled): ~1.57×10 Photosphere (effective): 5,778 K Corona: ~5×106 K |
Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.846×10 ~3.75×1028 lm ~98 lm/W efficacy |
Mean Intensity (Isol) | 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 |
Rotation characteristics | |
Obliquity | 7.25° (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane) |
Right ascension of North pole |
286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s |
Declination of North pole |
+63.87° 63° 52' North |
Sidereal rotation period (at equator) |
25.05 days |
(at 16° latitude) | 25.38 days |
(at poles) | 34.4 days |
Rotation velocity (at equator) |
7.189×10 |
Photospheric composition (by mass) | |
Hydrogen | 73.46% |
Helium | 24.85% |
Oxygen | 0.77% |
Carbon | 0.29% |
Iron | 0.16% |
Neon | 0.12% |
Nitrogen | 0.09% |
Silicon | 0.07% |
Magnesium | 0.05% |
Sulfur | 0.04% |