The Sun
Observation data
Mean distance
from Earth
1.496×108 km
8 min 19 s at light speed
Visual brightness (V) −26.74
Absolute magnitude 4.83
Spectral classification G2V
Metallicity Z = 0.0122
Angular size 31.6′ – 32.7′
Adjectives Solar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance
from Milky Way core
~2.5×1017 km
26,000 light-years
Galactic period (2.25–2.50)×108a
Velocity ~220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy)
~20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
~370 km/s(relative to the cosmic microwave background)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter 1.392×10
109 × Earth
Equatorial radius 6.955×10
Equatorial circumference 4.379×10
Flattening 9×10−6
Surface area 6.0877×10
Volume 1.412×10
1,300,000 × Earth
Mass 1.9891×10
Average density 1.408×10
Density Center (model): 1.622×10
Lower photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3
Lower chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3
Corona (avg): 1×10
Equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s
Escape velocity
(from the surface)
617.7 km/s
Temperature Center (modeled): ~1.57×10
Photosphere (effective): 5,778 K
Corona: ~5×106 K
Luminosity (Lsol) 3.846×10
~3.75×1028 lm
~98 lm/W efficacy
Mean Intensity (Isol) 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity 7.25°
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane)
Right ascension
of North pole
286.13°
19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination
of North pole
+63.87°
63° 52' North
Sidereal rotation period
(at equator)
25.05 days
(at 16° latitude) 25.38 days
(at poles) 34.4 days
Rotation velocity
(at equator)
7.189×10
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen 73.46%
Helium 24.85%
Oxygen 0.77%
Carbon 0.29%
Iron 0.16%
Neon 0.12%
Nitrogen 0.09%
Silicon 0.07%
Magnesium 0.05%
Sulfur 0.04%

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article
Sun, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0