Editorial Director
Michael Mayor
Managing Editors
Chris Fox
Rosalind Combley
Editors
Evadne Adrian-Vallance
Karen Cleveland Marwick
Sheila Dignen
Stephen Handorf
Lucy Hollingworth
Elizabeth Manning
Michael Murphy
Dr Martin Stark
Laura Wedgeworth
Pronunciation Editor
Dinah Jackson
Proofreaders
Joaquin Blasco
Lynda Carey
Pat Dunn
Isabel Griffiths
Ruth Hillmore
Ruth Noble
Alison Sadler
Project Management
Alan Savill
Corpus and DVD-ROM Development
Steve Crowdy
Trevor Satchell
Andy Roberts
Computational Linguist and DVD-ROM Project Management
Allan Ørsnes
Language Notes
Chris Fox
Academic Word List
Averil Coxhead
Editorial Manager
Paola Rocchetti
Production Editors
Željka Letica Finnerty
Debora Ferrari Haines
Technical Support Manager
Trevor Satchell
Production
David Gilmour
Keeley Everitt
Design
Eddi Edwards
Matthew Dickin
Johnson Banks
Project and Databases Administrator
Denise McKeough
Network Administrator
Robert Stringer
Keyboarder
Susan Jones
DVD-ROM Development
Software developed by IDM, Paris
Picture Research
Sandra Hilsdon
Jack Holgarth
Illustrations
Ben Hasler (NB Illustration)
Maltings Partnership
Chris Pavely
Peter Richardson
Mark Turner (Beehive Illustration)
The Publishers and editorial team would like to thank the lexicographic team who worked on
the Longman Dictionary
of Contemporary English (fourth edition) and the many people who have
contributed advice to the making of this
latest edition, in particular the Linglex Dictionary and Corpus Advisory Committee:
Lord Quirk (Chair), Professor David Crystal, Professor Geoffrey Leech, Professor John Wells,
Della Summers
The Publishers would also like to thank Professor Norbert Schmidt for his guidance during the development of the Longman Vocabulary Trainer.
The Publishers and editors of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
English would like to thank all of the teachers
who took part in the research for the current edition:
Monika Adamowicz, Julia Adkins, Niki Alford, Shanel Ali, Melinda Allen, Marcin Banasiak, Jamie
Barnett, Fiona
Bennet, Robert Bundala, Nick Canning, Shelley Carter, Marc Challans, Jaetloon Choi, Małgorzata
Chomicz, Ewa
Czwarno, Heather Daniell, Elin Davies, Kasia Downer, Magdalena Dworakowska, Krystyna
Dybowska-Głąb, AliReza
Z. Ekbatani, Kate Evans, Alicja Frątczak, Emma Meade Flynn, Helen Galer, John Gallagher, Moriana
Gamboa,
Thorkild Gantner, Olga Gaweł, Marianna Goral, Laila Grinberga, Harriett Han, Kathleen
Hargreaves, Claire Harrison,
Vanessa Harrison, Tess Hicks, Maria Hinc, Susan Holzman, Kim Hyon-hwa, Christian Ricardo
Ingracio, Dorota
Jaborska-Adaszewska, Jackie Jays, Rob Julian, Maimu Kado, Kaori Kaneko, Anna Kaźmierczak, Tah
Eun Kim, Krystyna
Krzemińska, Mick Lammond, Pip Langley, Jerzy Laskus, Du Le Khanh, Bernadette Lingani, Sara L
Marlow, Kristina
Maulina, Eve McEllinney, Tim McLeish, Vicky McWilliam, Steven Miller, Anne Morris, Antonio
Mulima, Tom Neath,
Jolanta Nyczke, Joanna Odgers, Cheriere Ophelie, Daniel Orina, Sarah Perkins, Stephen Perry,
Michel Pierre, Frank
Pinner, Davina Pobee, Martin Porter, Martin Poster, Tom Pritchard, Leena Punga, Jonathan
Richardson, Sally Robinson,
Monika Sadowska, Katarzyna Scibor, Jane Sherlock, Misako Shimoji, Elizabeth Singleton, Tomasz
Siuta, Ewa Skoczeń,
Mark Smith, Katarzyna Socha, Joanna Stansfield, Anna Stępień, Simon Thomas, Luke Thompson,
Alison Tiernety,
Ali Tierney, Philippa Titley, Olzhas Tolubayev, Maria Tsangaras, Emina Tuzovic, Rolf Tynan,
Alison Waite, Ewa Wirth,
Arkadiusz Witecki, Cathy Yarrow, Gizem Yilmazyurt, Ewa Zalewska, Yu Zhant, Ewa Zielinska
Every effort has been made to include the names of all the teachers who took part in the research. If your name has been inadvertently omitted please contact us and we will be happy to insert it in a future reprint.