What does it mean to ‘know’ a word? The basic meaning is obviously important, but you also need to know how it is spelt, how it is pronounced, how it behaves grammatically in a sentence and how it is used with other words (its collocations). You also need to know the types of context and situations in which the word can be used appropriately.
Many words and phrases have similar meanings; they are, on the surface, synonymous. However, not all synonyms are appropriate for use in different contexts. Throughout this dictionary, we have included a number of Register notes to highlight the differences between synonymous words or phrases that are more typical of spoken or written English, or of formal or informal contexts. Look, for example, at the entry for proceed. There you will find a note that explains that proceed is typical of formal contexts, and in informal contexts, a native speaker is more likely to say go ahead. Look out for these notes to ensure that you choose the most appropriate vocabulary for spoken and written contexts.
Thesaurus notes also highlight differences between closely related synonyms. Look, for example, at the Thesaurus box at allow. There you will find that let is used much more in everyday English than allow, whilst permit is used especially in more formal contexts, for example in written notices and announcements.
The following pages focus on functional language – language that you use to do something, such as agreeing with someone or asking someone to do something for you – contrasting synonymous words and phrases to explain which ones are more appropriate for formal written contexts and which are more suited to informal spoken contexts.
Agreeing
Disagreeing
Apologizing
Opinions
Requests
Suggestions
Hello
Goodbye
Thank you